Analog Integrated Circuit Design Course I Stanford Online

Table Of Content

• Low-level sensor input circuits
• More StudentZone Articles
• Engineering Library (Terman)
• Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article
• Looking for a previous Analog Design Journal article?
• Why A²B Enables New and More Complex Data and Audio Transport Systems
• Analysis of Switch-Mode Power Supply and Rectification: Transistor Timing & Boost Capacitor Issues
• Microcontrollers (MCUs) & processors

The professional resources include online lectures on how to do analog integrated circuit design step-by-step using design procedures. Since all the basic devices in an IC respond to continuous time stimulus, analog design forms the foundation for all IC design. There is significant variability in the manufacturing process for advanced technology nodes. The actual operation of the high number of devices on advanced ICs also causes variability.

Low-level sensor input circuits

Our TI E2E™ design support forums are an engineer’s go-to source for help throughout every step of the design process. Connect with our engineers or browse through analog-related articles to help you quickly resolve your design issues. This allows the behavior of the circuit to be analyzed using combinatorial and sequential models, only considering two voltages (“one” and “zero”), which substantially simplifies the design and verification process. The primary difference between analog design and digital design is the type of underlying analysis that is used. For five decades, we’ve been honored to be your engineering resource for innovative design.

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This variability manifests as changes in operating voltage, operating temperature, and  in performance. Densely packed devices can also interact with each other and with the silicon substrate, package, and board to cause signal distortions. All of these effects can occur between devices and within a single IC  as well. Because analog design requires both intuition and rigor, each concept is first introduced from an intuitive perspective and subsequently treated by careful analysis.

Engineering Library (Terman)

For the first time in any ESD course a simple snapback model suitable for SPICE or SPECTRE is developed. This model can be independent or dependent on rate of rise of the ESD voltage. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. While you can only enroll in courses during open enrollment periods, you can complete your online application at any time.

The central difference between analog and digital circuitry comes down to the way information is conveyed. An analog signal is continuous as opposed to the discrete high and low signals of a digital signal. Effectively, analog presents signals as they are, rather than a time-sampled representation. These signals represent a direct relationship between the parameters of the signal and whatever is being measured or generated - the signal is analogous to some physical phenomenon. Altering the characteristics of the signal, such as the voltage or frequency, induces a change in the output, or vice versa.

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to various aspects of modern digital integrated circuit design. Navigate through the maze of tools, technologies and techniques including circuit components, component variations and practical design paradigms. Learn how to analyze, simulate and design a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) analog integrated circuit. Analyze and simulate elementary transistor stages, current mirrors, supply- and temperature-independent bias and reference circuits. When the term “integrated circuit design” is mentioned, most people think of the design of complex microprocessors.

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Most often, students and hobbyists are likely to begin with analog design due to the straightforward nature of the content of the components. The Synopsys Custom Design Platform is a unified suite of design and verification tools that accelerates the development of robust custom analog designs. This site is dedicated to providing resources for students and professionals in the area of analog integrated circuit design using CMOS and BiCMOS technologies. The resources are designed to help understand the principles, concepts, and techniques of analog integrated circuit design.

Simulation programs can then be used to predict the circuit outcome before testing, calculating the signal behavior both in time and frequency. Some popular simulation tools in the market are the PSpice, LTSpice, Tina-TI and Multisim. Most designers quickly learn that routing over a split plane gap is a cardinal sin of signal integrity due to the large current loops formed by the return path, which can quickly lead to formidable EMI emissions. Back-to-back Schottky diodes can be utilized to help protect against a large enough potential developing between the AGND and DGND pins to prevent damage to the circuit. Ferrite beads can also be useful to create a passage at low frequencies while becoming highly resistive and functioning as an open at high frequencies. This low pass filter behavior ensures that low-frequency analog signals can easily flow between the separate ground planes while confining high-speed digital signals to their respective ground plane.

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Microcontrollers (MCUs) & processors

Simulation using a SPICE-like simulator is used to verify the clamp models. The second laboratory applies these ESD clamps to design, simulate, and verify the ESD input protection and output protection for an op amp. From the literature we know that second-order active filters can be implemented using the multiple-feedback topology, which requires only one OPAMP and several passive components (Figure 8). Now we need to define the OPAMP model and the value of the passive components. Further, methods exist for correcting this digital degradation that are simply unavailable to analog formats.

From data converters to sensing, beginner to advanced – look to the Analog Design Journal for answers to your analog design questions. Some of the industry’s most knowledgeable engineers share exclusive, carefully curated articles geared toward engineers across all industries and levels of experience. In analog design, circuit stimulus is treated as a continuously varying signal over time.

The actual devices in any circuit are responding to continuously varying stimulus, so analog circuit design is really the foundation of the design of digital circuits. During the early days of analog circuit design, circuits were developed using hand-made schematics and calculations, without the possibility of simulating before testing. Nowadays, the hardware designer can rely on several digital tools to conduct a project. Schematic CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools can be used to design schematics from scratch.

Simulation is an important step of electronic design, although it is sometimes neglected by engineers. Using simulations, one can tune the component values, adjusting them to achieve optimum performance. Also, different component models can be tested without needing to recalculate the model equations.

The split ground plane helps ensure the signal integrity between analog and digital circuits doesn’t overly compromise one another through coupling. Because ground is ground, there must be at least one point where the analog ground (AGND) and digital (DGND) must be tied together. Often, this occurs directly at the component(s) in question by routing a short and direct trace between the pins. However, designers may want to avoid creating a single point that could lead to overly circuitous return paths. What is the best option for designers at this juncture, where seemingly contradictory best practices have to be reconciled?

The behavior of the circuit is modeled in the time and frequency domains with attention focused on the fidelity/precision, consistency, and performance of the resultant waveforms. Circuit variability, both manufacturing and design induced, must be modeled and compensated for as well. Each data converter circuit below includes step-by-step instructions with formulas allowing you to adapt the circuit to meet your unique design requirements. We've provided at least one recommended data converter for each circuit, but you can easily swap it with another device if you've found one that fits better with your design. Our circuits require a basic understanding of data converter concepts, so if you are new to data converter design, we highly recommend reviewing our TI Precision Labs (TIPL) training series. ADC and DAC were briefly touched on above, but hopefully, the reader has noticed the inseparability of digital and analog design.

This variation in the gain is acceptable, considering the design specifications of our project. Analog design is one of the most critical blocks in any electronic project. It is the fundamental connection between an idea and the real world. In many cases, even well-conceived schematics and high-quality components fail to achieve their required performance if the analog blocks are poorly designed. Therefore, the objective of this analog design article is to provide a step-by-step guide and useful insights to help you achieve the best performance from your analog circuit design.